After searching for a while, I found it:

Outright running:

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mvn dependency:sources

As suggested in many sites did not work for my project, but instead running it with a ~clean install~ appended did the trick:

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mvn clean install dependency:sources -Dmaven.test.skip=true

After that command, run the following for installing all javadocs:

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mvn dependency:resolve -Dclassifier=javadoc

Of course, both can be run at the same time:

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mvn clean install dependency:sources dependency:resolve -Dmaven.test.skip=true -Dclassifier=javadoc

Note that the above command should be run whenever the ~pom.xml~ changes, so it can download the new sources and Javadocs.

Previous attempts

From the same StackOverflow question, adding the following to my ~~/.m2/settings.xml~ did not work, but it apparently does work for users of Eclipse.

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<settings>

   <!-- ... other settings here ... -->

    <profiles>
        <profile>
            <id>downloadSources</id>
            <properties>
                <downloadSources>true</downloadSources>
                <downloadJavadocs>true</downloadJavadocs>
            </properties>
        </profile>
    </profiles>

    <activeProfiles>
        <activeProfile>downloadSources</activeProfile>
    </activeProfiles>
</settings>

Sources

Maven: Always download sources and javadocs - StackOverflow